Cardiovascular Wellness Panel

Myocardial Infarction

Acute coronary occlusion causing ischaemic necrosis of heart muscle, with persistent chest pain radiating to the left arm, jaw or back. Slow CYP1A2 metabolisers face sharply higher risk with heavy caffeine intake.

Cardiovascular Disease

The leading cause of death worldwide, covering coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis and heart failure, with risk layered across cholesterol metabolism, homocysteine, acetaldehyde toxicity and caffeine clearance.

Coronary Artery Disease

Progressive narrowing of the coronary arteries causing long-term ischaemia, with pressing chest tightness on exertion. APOE ε4 may bring a first cardiovascular event forward by 5-10 years.

Hypertension

Often symptomless — the "silent killer" — yet the leading risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure and chronic kidney disease.

Hyperlipidemia

High total or LDL cholesterol is the most central risk factor for atherosclerosis. APOE ε4 carriers respond far more strongly to dietary cholesterol, making diet management critical.

Hypertriglyceridemia

Serum triglycerides at or above 150 mg/dL, a core component of metabolic syndrome linked to fatty liver and cardiovascular risk; severe elevation can trigger acute pancreatitis.

Dyslipidemia

LDL cholesterol or triglycerides above — or HDL below — the healthy range; the most important modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis, and almost always symptomless at first.