Brain Wellness Panel

Alzheimer's Disease

The most common degenerative dementia, accounting for 60-70% of all cases and beginning with short-term memory loss. APOE ε4 is the single most important genetic risk factor for late-onset disease.

Parkinson's Disease

The second most common neurodegenerative disease, caused by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, with resting tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity. Reduced sense of smell and REM sleep behaviour disorder often appear years earlier.

Stroke

Sudden interruption of cerebral blood flow or vessel rupture causing acute death of nerve cells; remember FAST and seek care immediately. APOE, MTHFR and NOTCH3 add risk through lipids, homocysteine and small-vessel disease.

CADASIL

The most common monogenic hereditary small-vessel disease of the brain, caused by NOTCH3 variants and progressing from migraine to recurrent ischaemic stroke, mood disorder and cognitive decline.

Vascular Dementia

The second most common type of dementia at 15-20% of cases, caused by cerebrovascular disease or repeated strokes, and typically declining in a stepwise pattern.

Lewy Body Dementia

Around 10-15% of all dementias, marked by fluctuating cognition, recurrent vivid visual hallucinations, parkinsonian motor symptoms and REM sleep behaviour disorder.

Cognitive Decline

A gradual decline in memory, attention and executive function relative to peers, ranging from normal ageing to mild cognitive impairment. Exercise, a Mediterranean diet and adequate B vitamins help slow it.